What Is the Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion...

What is the Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry, and how will it develop in the next five years? I am going to write about what the role of fashion promotion is within the fashion industry and discuss how it might develop in the next five years. To do this I shall review what fashion promotion is by defining it and finding out how, when and where it started. To understand what fashion promotion really is in a contemporary context I shall broadly look at how it is used and what many forms it has taken since the beginning up until the present day. To look at how fashion promotion may develop in the next five years I shall analyse and critique specific examples in more detail, such as finding out how these specific types†¦show more content†¦Photography can tell us a story of periods in history; fashion photography constitutes a historical document that offers us evidence of the practices and ideals of a given period (H.Radner (2000) in S.Bruzzi P.Church Gibson Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations Analysis, London: Routledge, pp. 128-134). In the 1940s photos were very staged, prim and proper and the models were the children of the rich of that time, by the 50s there were some social changes such as more disposable wealth, to which the fashion industry responded by having studio lit photographs and beginning to move away from static, manikin style shots. By the 60s subject and style went under transformation as a result of changes during the post Second World War era and the revolution of the ‘single girl beg an. Fashion photography started to be shot outside with the model often walking or running to show that she is ‘active. (Ruth Orkin, American Girl in Italy, 1951) Fashion isnt fixed: it follows a repetitive cycle, which is moving so fast that cyclical ideas are being used up too quickly. In response, brand new ideas and concepts are being invented. The growth in virtual space means knowledge spreads faster, ideas are downloaded and lower designers take them before higher designers who came up with the designs get it into their own store, which is one reason why fashion is becoming cheaper. Boundaries between higher and lower level brands are becoming blurred as is the distinctionShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry I am going to write about what the role of fashion promotion is within the fashion industry and discuss how it might develop in the next five years. To do this I shall review what fashion promotion is by defining it and finding out how, when and where it started. To understand what fashion promotion really is in a contemporary context I shall broadly look at how it is used and what many forms it has taken since the beginning up until theRead MoreFashion Promotion in 5 Years Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the role of fashion promotion within the fashion industry, and how will it develop over the next 5 years? Fashion promotion is the glue that holds together everything fashion related. Its all very well having a great designer who can create stunning garments out of fabulous materials, but fashion promotion is what advertises those garments, and sells them, and puts them out there for the world to see. If there werent photographers and buyers and journalists and stylistsRead MoreWhat Is the Role of Fashion Promotion, and How Will It Develop over the Next Five Years?1904 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is the role of fashion Promotion within the fashion Industry, and how will it develop over the next five years? In an age where fashion and technology is constantly evolving it is important that we take a step back and take a look at the current happenings in the promotional side of the fashion industry. The fashion show,a key tool to making designers collections accessible to its consumer, will be the main focus of this essay. We shall define fashion promotion before looking at how the catwalkRead MoreEssay on The Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry1822 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry In an age where fashion and technology is constantly evolving it is important that we take a step back and take a look at the current happenings in the promotional side of the fashion industry. The fashion show,a key tool to making designers collections accessible to its consumer, will be the main focus of this essay. We shall define fashion promotion before looking at how the catwalk sits under this title. A brief history of the fashionRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Fashion Range Co1860 Words   |  8 PagesOverview Fashion Range Co. is a clothing retail company in Canada that offers great quality clothing for teenagers and adults. We are small independent company that compasses of 80-100 employees stretching across Canada making environmentally friendly materials for our fashion trend clothes while emphasizing the importance of sustainability. Our fashion trend is more demographically targeting young men women aged 13 to 45. Our customers are part of a generation constantly looking for that next bestRead MoreBrand Awareness and Brand Extension Literature View4937 Words   |  20 Pagesretail market is evolving rapidly. It is a parable that now Indian retail industry requires lots more of fashion. The organized retailing is developing at rapid speed. It is agreeable to all that fashion is a vital part of both the retail industry as well as the brands. Fashion has led the retail industry boom and it has sustained its dominance in malls, markets and stores. With radically changing fashion and re tail industry, the Indian consumers are facing considerable transformation. With an increaseRead MoreChallenges Facing Fashion Industry in Ghana6584 Words   |  27 PagesTO THE STUDY The environment in which the fashion industry operates the world over has become turbulent, unpredictable and therefore, difficult to exert managerial control. Cultures around the world are constantly influencing each other; hence, the world’s cultures are changing fashion constantly. Also, social, economic, political and legal factors keep changing than before. Competition in the fashion industry is so rife such that the survival of fashion organizations cannot be guaranteed (StuartRead MoreChallenges Facing Fashion Industry in Ghana6592 Words   |  27 PagesTO THE STUDY The environment in which the fashion industry operates the world over has become turbulent, unpredictable and therefore, difficult to exert managerial control. Cultures around the world are constantly influencing each other; hence, the world’s cultures are changing fashion constantly. Also, social, economic, political and legal factors keep changing than before. Competition in the fashion industry is so rife such that the survival of fashion organizations cannot be guaranteed (StuartRead MoreStrategic Plan of Sibanys Boutique2702 Words   |  11 Pagesunder, 24 to 50, and 50 and above. They tend to be trendy and fashion conscious (Thilmany, 2008). They also expect to pay more for their items than they would for more common merchandise offered by general clothing retailers. After market penetration has been achieved, the next step is to develop the market into a sustainable client base. Retail format development plays a key role in the ability to penetrate the market and develop a sustainable client base. Although boutique customers can beRead MoreFashion Advertising: The Price of Beauty5692 Words   |  23 PagesIntroduction of Fashion Advertising: The price of beauty Advertising is a form of communication used to persuade an audience, viewers, readers or even listeners to take some action with respect to products, ideas, or services. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional media; including

Article, Critical Literacy in the Classroom by Ann S. Beck...

The article â€Å"Critical Literacy in the Classroom† (2005), was written by Ann S. Beck, an English teacher at Camosun College in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. This article explains that it is imperative for teachers to understand the concepts of critical literacy as well as to achieve a critical teaching approach. The author’s main focus was to address and define the importance of teaching critical literacy as an educational practice by approaching dialogue (social act), reflection (critical literacy), and textual critique in the classroom. In brief, these concepts are of main importance to be use in the classroom for students to become active participants in their own meaning-making experiences and to change the way we think about†¦show more content†¦In the Critical Literacy approach, it is crucial for teachers to encourage reflection through open-ended questions were students specifically follow on the relationship between their own experiences and u nderstandings of texts. Furthermore, it is critical for teachers to not guide students toward a traditional interpretation or to influence students to adopt her/ his personal viewpoints because multiple interpretations of any text exist, and no one interpretation represents all viewpoints. In the Textual Critique approach, the teacher encourages the students to examine specific author’s words in a context, and to think about how language can serve different interest. Moreover, this feature focus on sociopolitical issues and social justice, consequently this dimension of critical literacy questions the implicit legitimacy of unequal power relationships contained in text and, in so doing, moves students beyond the personal â€Å" to interrogate how sociopolitical systems and power relationships shape perceptions, responses, and actions† (Lewison et al., 2002, p.383). Challenges may arise for inexperienced and beginning teachers while trying to incorporate a critical lite racy approach in the classroom. In spite of, by encouraging student to truly engage in the process of dialogue,Show MoreRelatedPapoer6763 Words   |  28 PagesThe Impact of Music on Language Early Literacy: A Research Summary In Support of Kindermusik’s ABC Music Me The Impact of Music on Language Early Literacy: A Research Summary In Support of Kindermusik’s ABC Music Me Introduction Early childhood classroom teachers believe in the power of music to engage children. What scientifically based research supports the use of music and musical instruction to build early literacy skills? This research summary answers that question, providingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMarketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service

Critical Lense Free Essays

Thomas De Quincey once said â€Å" all that is literature seeks to communicate power. † An author communicates a form of power to others through his/her works. Every piece of literature carries a strong message. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Lense or any similar topic only for you Order Now These messages can open a person’s eyes and mind to a new perspective. It can also point out things that have repeated throughout history, like discrimination and hatred towards a certain race or what love can do for people. These messages could show what most people don’t see. Literature works such as To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, and A Thousand Splendid Suns, by Khaled Hosseini, have a very strong message underneath. In To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee is a great novel about discrimination and injustice towards a certain race. This is a great novel about a particular trial, where Atticus Finch, a good lawyer, defends Tom Robinson, whose being accused of raping a young white girl. Tom Robinson is a black man, who has done nothing wrong but is being accused of raping someone just because of his skin color. It did not matter what the black man said back than. Whatever the white person said was always â€Å"right†. One of the themes for this book is the existence of social inequality. The social status of Maycomb was very complicated. At the top you had the Finches, than the Cunninghams, than the Ewells, which were considered white trash. But all the way below the Ewells were the blacks. As you can see, the blacks were below the white trash, they were at the very bottom of the social ladder. This really did effect the society in Maycomb. It divided people up into certain groups. Since the Ewells were above the blacks, it gave them the power to persecute Tom Robinson, an innocent black man. A Thousand Splendid Suns, by Khaled Hosseini, is a story about two women and their lives in Afghanistan. These two women with different ideas about life are brought together by war and loss. As they go through all the dangers that life has brought upon them, they create a strong relationship. They create a mother-daughter and kind of sisters bond. Their abusive husband and the dangerous streets of Kabul have brought them together. This book shows how someone’s love for her family can move this person to shocking self-sacrifice. And the key to surviving all of this is love. Through the theme of female bonds, you can see what the bond of love can do for a women. The efforts of their husband and the government to keep women from having power as much as possible does not work. They form great, strong bonds that give them confidence and strength to fight back. Laila and Miriam form this strong bond together. They both have support in one another. Towards the end, Miriam finally had the strength to fight Rasheed. She did not get this from herself, but from the confidence and love from Laila. As you can see, both of these great novels have a strong message underneath. One of the messages is that social inequality does exist and does destroy people’s lives. The other message is that bonds can give people strength and confidence, which gives them the ability to step up. Love is they key survival of these bonds. Women forms these bonds and have each other’s support and love to give them strength to do more in their life and also to self-sacrifice. Both of these messages have opened people’s eyes to new point of views. How to cite Critical Lense, Papers

Mobile phones free essay sample

Given the current energy crisis that our country is currently facing, the researchers attempted to make an effective, hassle-free, noise-free and portable Solar powered charger which could be used to charge mobile phones and will be as efficient as an ordinary wall phone changer. Solar energy has been proven to be a good alternative source of energy by many and has been an CEO-friendly energy source. Mobile phones are currently the most popular form of gadget and wireless communication in almost every part of the world.In estimation by the International Telecommunication Union, there are over 6. 8 billion cellophane users and the number is still growing fast as technology gets better, innovative and the cost of production gets higher for branded phones, while lower for those non-branded phones. According to G. Aching and S. Baja (201 1), the average lifetime of a cellophane battery is only around 8-12 hours with moderate usage. This has become very inconvenient for those people who are constantly on the road or preoccupied with work. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile phones or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A person has to ring a wall phone charger and look for a power source or outlet in order to charge. Meanwhile, with the portable solar-powered phone charger, it is a device that only uses the rays of the sun of a minimum amount as energy source to be able to charge a mobile phone. Cellophanes are then charged without the need to plug it into a power source. One of the advantages of using a solar-powered phone charger is its efficiency, non-hassle portability. You wont need a wall phone charger to be able to charge your mobile phone. Mobile phones free essay sample Consumers have when choosing between different mobile phone brands. The study was built upon six key attributes (telephone features, connection fee, access cost, mobile-to-mobile phone rates, call rates and free calls) related to mobile phone purchasing respondents had to importance rate. The research showed that consumers with prior experience about a product can predict their choices relatively well, although respondents tended to overestimate the importance of features, call rates and free calls and underestimate the importance of a monthly access fee, mobile-to-mobile phones rates and the connection fee. 1.Demographic factors have an influence on the evaluations of different attributes related to mobile phone choice. Specifically, gender and social class will impact on the evaluations of the attributes as men belonging to higher social class seem to be more technology savvy. 2.Consumers value personal time planning properties in the choice of new mobile phones. Consumers value in smart phones features that enhance their personal time planning (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile phones or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g., Jones, 2002). These high-rated features include calendar and e-mail services .However, while synchronization of calendar and e-mail services to PCs has become easy and fast, the importance of time planning in mobile phones becomes more and more important. 3.New technical properties increase consumer willingness to acquire new phone models. Another important aspect that has risen from different studies is that consumers purchase new phones due to the fact that their existing one’s capacity is not appropriate referring to the idea that new technology features such as built-in cameras, better memory, radio, more developed messaging services, and color displays are influencing consumer decisions to acquire new models. Thus it can be expected that new features will influence the intention to acquire new mobile phones. 4.When choosing between different mobile phone models, consumers value larger screen size but the whole phone should be small enough and light to carry in pocket. 5.When choosing between different mobile phone models, consumers value familiar brands. Price of the phone has been identified as a critical factor in the choice of the mobile phone model, especially among younger people. besides new technological advances price is the most influential factor affecting the choice of a new mobile phone model. In addition, it seems that size and brand play to some extent an important role in decision making. Liu (2002) for instance surveyed Asian mobile phone users and found that size of the phone had no impact on mobile phone choice, but this finding might be due to the fact that all competing brands have quite similar sized phones that are small enough. Liu continues that the trend will actually be not towards smaller phones but towards phones with better capability and larger screens. While companies are advertising new models and services that do not yet exist, it according to the paper signals to the market that the company is at the cutting edge of technology and shows what will be available in the very near future. The sales of new phones will then be driven by replacement rather than adoption.

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay Example For Students

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay Both The Passionate Shepherd and To His Coy Mistress are dramatic monologues representing the voice of a gentleman and they are both arguments trying to win the favour of a lady. However, Christopher Marlowe has written his poem in a simple verse form of rhyming quatrains, where as Marvell writes in a more sophisticated form of tetrameters to quicken the pace and give a sense of urgency to the gentlemans persuasion. The gentlemans argument is then presented in the form of a syllogism. The poems both have a similar ploy; they are both trying to lure a lady into a life of love. However the speakers about this in different ways. We will write a custom essay on The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Marlowes vision of love in A Passionate Shepherd is very sweet, charming and delightful whereas in contrast Marvells vision in To His Coy Mistress is one of darkness, urgency and insistence. Marlowes world is timeless; the lovers have endless leisure together in the season of May. Nothing ever changes and the seasons never move on. Love is sweet and innocent and there is no mention to the physical side of the relationship. Marlowes poem is very idealistic and is written in the pastoral form. The scene that he has created is filled with appealing images of flowers and pretty clothes, it is charming and innocent. On the other hand Marvells world is time ridden. He first presents a courtship where time stands still, like a fantasy. Then in the next part of his argument he brings the lady back to reality where time moves fast and so they have to seize their opportunities for love in the manner of carpe diem. He presents an image of time as a winged chariot bearing down upon them. Marvells love is much more realistic and adult; his gentlemans speaker is very suggestive of a physical relationship. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe The Passionate Shepherd to His Love represents the voice of a simple shepherd and is written in the pastoral style, which was very popular in the 16th century. By adopting the voice of a shepherd addressing the lady directly using first and second person, the poet casts the reader into the role of the lady. The shepherd is apparently wooing us as the audience. The poet is urging the lady to share a life of love and of happiness with him. The speaker presents a very unrealistic vision of an idyllic life in the English countryside. Through stanzas 2-6 the shepherd claims that if the lady were to live with him she would enjoy a life of luxury. She would gain peace by sitting upon the rocks and listening to birds singing madrigals. Any one who lives in the countryside would know that it would be impossible to make birds sing in chorus and in perfect harmony with each other. Marlowe exaggerates the pleasures of country life to make them seem a lot more appealing to the lady. Usually you would find roses in the countryside but he presents them to her as beds of roses and a thousand fragrant posies. However, if he were a shepherd he would not have the time to collect such quantities of flowers; the promise is very unrealistic. The shepherd presents many materialistic luxuries for the lady to enjoy including a cap of flowers and a gown and a kirtle. The gown is embroidered all with leaves of myrtle and the kirtle is made of the finest wool. Fair lined slippers with buckles of the purest gold are also offered, as well as, A belt of straw and ivy buds With coral clasps and amber studs The exaggeration here and lack of realism are so obvious that Marlowe seems to be mocking the pastoral form. We see the same lack of realism in other gifts offered by the shepherd: gold buckles. The shepherd builds an appealing fantasy for the lady. Marlowes shepherd appeals to four of the ladys five senses when trying to win her over. He promises the lady, she will be able to listen to melodious birds sing madrigals and then says she will be able to see the shepherd swains sing and dance together. His use of alliteration also emphasises this image of delightful sounds when he repeats the m in madrigals and melodious. He repeats this alliteration throughout the whole of the poem to emphasise all of his charming fantasy and the lack of realism also continues throughout the whole poem. There is no reference to the cold or the winter, just the summer and the beauty of the spring is mentioned. The shepherd offers to the lady a timeless world where it is always May. There is always leisur e and time to watch The shepherds swains sing and dance For thy delight in each May morning. The seasons never change, it is a charming fantasy. However, Marlowe does create some of an illusion of realism through craggy mountains and fair-lined slippers for the cold but most of the pleasures to the lady are exaggerated and unrealistic. Most of the gifts he offers arent possible because either no shepherd would be able to afford them or he wouldnt have time to find and/or gather them. The way in which Marlowe describes the shepherds pastoral world is very well done with carefully chosen adjectives: purest gold, finest wool, melodious birds. With this Marlowe creates a picture of impossible sweetness, a charming rural idyll. The shepherds voice becomes increasingly consistent, urgent as he persuades the lady three times. He first presents her with the idea to come live with me and be my love, after this he bribes her with gifts and the promise of a safe and luxurious life. At the end of the 5th stanza he then again proposes that she come live with me and be my love. Then in th e final verse he concludes by saying that if the lady likes the bribes that he has to offer, she should live with him and share a life of love .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .postImageUrl , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:hover , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:visited , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:active { border:0!important; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:active , .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1bdd3ee61d267467bb2f30c6168150eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Yeats as a modern poet EssayIf these delights my mind may move Then live with me and be my love. He clinches his argument in the final line. Sir Walter Raleighs reply to The Passionate Shepherd to His Love appropriately entitled The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd matches the structure and verse form of Marlowes original poem exactly. The speaker in Raleighs poem has taken the role of a nymph, she speaks in response to the shepherd and so the reader gives her the role of the lady from Marlowes original poem. The nymph indicates that she wont be persuaded because she is sceptical that his ideal could ever exist. She also doubts whether the shepherd is telling her the truth. If all the world and love were young And truth is in every shepherds tongue She rejects the shepherds many offers mainly because she rejects his timeless world. She knows that time will change everything; she believes winter will come and then no-one will be able to sit on rocks and listen to bird song. Time drives the flocks from field to fold When rivers rage and rocks grow cold Raleighs nymph considers each of the shepherds gifts and promises. She declares that time will wither or ruin them all. None of the gifts would be fit to last The flowers do fade, and wanton fields To wayward winter yields; The gifts are a pretty but impossible fiction. Just as The Passionate Shepherd urges the lady three times, Raleighs nymph considers ad rejects his offer three times, in the first, the penultimate and the final stanzas. Her rejection is very emphatic in the penultimate stanza. All these in me no means can move To come to thee and be thy love The mood and tone of the nymph changes in the final stanza, there is a note of sadness and regret. She recognises the sweetness and almost pleading of the shepherds fantasy. However, she realises that reality is still there and that it is so much harsher. But could youth last and love still breed Had joys no date nor age no need, To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Like Marlowe, Marvell in To his coy mistress adopts the persuasive voice of a lover urging his lady to be with him. Both poems are written in the view of a gentleman speaker and both are arguments, convincing a lady to spend time with them and love them. However, in contrast to Marlowes poem, Marvells writing style is much more sophisticated. Marvells poem is a syllogism and is written in rhyming tetrameters. The speaker urges his mistress throughout the poem to surrender herself to him and love without delay. The arguments first of three parts presents a perfect timeless world for the lady. The gentleman started by introducing a charming and delightful fantasy by flattering her. He considers a timeless world, starting with a condition Had we but world enough, and time This coyness lady were no crime. He explains that if they were to live in this appealing world that he has created, her reluctance would present no problem. He considers what they would do, if they had endless time for an everlasting courtship. They would not have to hurry their relationship and they could have a life of luxury together in an exotic place like India. Thou by the Indian Ganges side Shouldst rubies find: Marvell presents this image of the lady collecting rubies to tempt her into a life with him, much like Marlowes shepherd bribed his lady with gifts. Marvells speaker then goes on to amuse the lady by placing himself in a much more mundane landscape. He claims he would be lamenting his love by a river in Hull. Similarly to Marlowes over exaggeration, Marvell includes a hyperbole by declaring the he would court her until the end of time, this is a very extravagant image. However in contrast to Marlowes innocence and charm the speaker in Marvells poem goes on to admire the lady with sexual suggestion and again hyperbole when flattering her by saying he would admire her eyes for an exaggerated 100 years but then he also says he would spend much longer on her breasts .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .postImageUrl , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:hover , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:visited , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:active { border:0!important; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:active , .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56071b21c54e381a696c1e3e4e739f3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the importance of the ideas of roots EssayTwo hundred to adore each breast, The gentleman speaker is again suggestive of a physical relationship when presenting an image of vegetable growth which would grow vaster than empires. An apparently flattering image of love is made mischievous through being combined with an image of organic growth. He continues to flatter her by saying she deserves such a long and stately courtship. The speaker ends the first part of his argument by saying that this is what he would wish to do. However the use of the conditional would reminds us that is all a fantasy. Most similarities to Marlowes shepherd now fall away as Marvells gentleman proceeds into the second stage of his argument. The elaborate flattery of the lady stops for a while and suddenly the mood of the poem turns grim and sinister. The speaker introduces reality and shows that the fantasy does not exist when he threatens the lady with death But at back I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near: The gentlemans presents an image of time bearing down upon the lady, catching up with her and time will bring her too her death. The speaker threatens her by forcing her to realise that no-one can see her beauty when she is underground, no-one will be able to sing to her and her chastity which she has tried to preserve will be taken by the worms. then worms shall try That long preservd Virginity Marvell uses a very ironic and suggestive tone. The playful ironic tone then changes when the speaker grimly reminds her of a funeral by echoing the words of a funeral service. And your quaint honour turn to dust; And into ashes all my lust He says that the honour which she has tried to preserve will turn to dust when her body does and so with it, so will his lust and desire for her. He makes a final ironic comment about the ladys privacy explaining that the grave is a very private place if that is what she wants but there will be no-one to embrace you there. The graves a fine and private place But none I think do there embrace The final section of the poem is the proof of the argument. The poet first displayed to us a fantasy world of impossible endless time and the contrasted this with the harsher truer reality. This argument presents his solution that they should now enter a physical relationship without delay. The speaker calls it a sport that they should enjoy. The elaborate flattery now continues Now therefore while the youthful hue, Sits on the skin like morning dew He suggests she should experience love while her skin is still young, fresh and exquisite. This idea is then contrasted with the image that her skin is on fire, filled with a young passion and they both shouldnt let this passion burn out. In contrast to Marlowes poem, Marvells speaker repeats the word now frequently towards the end showing his urgency. The gentleman represents an image of iron gates and he urges the lady that she should be ready to tear the pleasures through the iron gates of a harsh life. She needs to be vigorous and active. Finally, the gentleman speaker adds a last playful ironic comment. He mocks the idea that lovers can make time stand still. However, he suggests to the lady that through their love they can make time speed up as they live life to the full and get the most out of every minute in the form of carpe diem. Marlowes ad Marvells poems both focus on time. However, Marlowes poem is timeless. It centres on a world that is endless, it is full of luxury and you can live in happiness for eternity. Marvells poem starts off with a fantasy much the same but this jus to later contrast with the main feature of dark urgency to the rest of the poem. Marvells poem has images where time is catching up with you can you have to act fast to enjoy things while you can. Both poems also focus strongly on love. They are both persistent in luring a lady to fall in love with them. Marlowes poem is innocent and sweet; the poet uses gifts and charming scenery and sounds to bribe the lady into loving the gentleman whereas in Marvells poem the love is more urgent and passionate. The love in Marvells poem is more adult and more suggestive of a physical relationship. Marlowes style and language is much simpler but Marvells style is sophisticated and the language he uses much more elaborate and complex. Marlowes poem is delightful and brighter, Marvells poem is deeper and more insistent.

Appalachia Region Essays - Appalachian Culture, Appalachia

Appalachia Region Essays - Appalachian Culture, Appalachia Appalachia Region Appalachia Region By: Wesley Mark Whitworth To look at, and understand the attitudes toward the people of this area it would be good to start with the type of people that migrated into this region. The people of this area did not totally arrive until the English had colonized the coast of the eastern seaboard forcing the now Appalachian people westward to the interior mountains. The main influx of people came in on the second wave of migrants. This people were of Scotch Irish, German, Welsh, French and Swiss decent. These people from the start were rugged mountain people that were very self sufficient and mainly lived from farming as there means of survival. In the beginning there was no Appalachian culture because every one was from different areas. It took well over a hundred years of interaction with each other and isolation from other parts of the country to develop there culture. The major reason this region developed separately is because of the isolation from the outside world for so long. The reason that isolation occurred is do to topography of the land. These people lived in the mountains were outsiders from the seaboard could not or would not go. The first real time the people of Appalachia came into large contact with the other groups of the country was world war 2. At this time many men were drafted and came into contact with other groups. This is probably when some of the early stereotypes began to evolve about hillbillies red neck and many other interesting names. People in developed areas of the states thought primitive substandard people was what lived in the Appalachian region, and this was because they did not understand there culture. The fact that they were different then them was reason enough to make fun. The truth being that they developed the way they did because it best suited the environment in which they lived. Also,. they did not have much if any culture diffusion with the rest of the country. They were only different not worse then the rest of the population. They were probably harder works and had stronger family ties then the people the thought bad of them. The main thing that brought these people out of the mountains in the 1960's was the construction of the highway systems throughout the region. This in able these people to come down from there homes in the mountains and work in the cities. They were then in contact with people other then there own culture. Over the next thirty years they were still stereotyped and it was not totally unfounded because they were different but not in a bad way. Today there are still red necks and hillbillies and I consider myself to somewhat fit that profile, but with the new age of communication culture diffusion has had a large effect on this culture as well as the one's it came into contact with. People do not look at country people the same as in the beginning, they look at them in better and even envious way. Throughout the twenty century the environment of this region has been exploited for profit by lumber and mining companies that do not live here. Many of these companies did not consider the people and thus they stayed or got poor while the companies became rich. Things have change for the better over the years but we still have lower levels of income the most of the country. To discuss Appalachia as a region you first need to look at all the physical aspects. Appalachia is considered a region primary because it is a area of highlands. The topography of this region consists of four physiographic provinces which are the Piedmont, Blue ridge, Ridge and Valley, and the Plateau provinces. This region runs from 32 to 42 degrees latitude which is approximately 700 miles. The piedmont is the province closest to the Atlantic ocean. This province also has the lowest elevation which also runs into the fall line of the coastal plains. This is the defining point of where the Appalachia region begins. The next province westward is the blue ridge province. This province is the smallest of the

Economic Growth and Prosperity of the 1920s Essay

Economic Growth and Prosperity of the 1920s - Essay Example Five Causes behind the growth Growth of stock market, reduced taxes, increased international consumption tariffs, increased production efficiency and technological advancement can be considered as five key reasons behind the economic growth and prosperity of America in 1920s. The First World War assisted the latter economic prosperity of America. Earlier European countries were known as major business hubs. During the First World War, American Industry benefited as the other countries could not buy goods and services from Europe. In this point of time the European countries were busy in fighting. Therefore, the production growth automatically went down in Europe. In this way, the American industries benefited as the country had the potentiality to supply products according to the demand of international market places. Looking into these aspects, several countries started to buy goods and services from the industries of America. At this point of time the banks of America lent huge mon ey to the European Allies. However, this money was being paid back with a significant interest rate in the 1920s. The First World War saw the implementation of advanced technological weapons and tools. American industry had the capability to produce several types of advanced consumer durable goods and necessary FMCG goods. By the end of the war, the confidence of American people started to grow. They believed that they can get significant economic growth if the capitalize on their skills, competencies and expertise. In the 1920s, American stock market started to grow significantly. It significantly created quick wealth. Therefore, it was not necessary for the people to have lot of money to invest in property or business. At this point of time the American banks also started to give capital to the business owners at comparatively low tax rate. It helped the SME business owners to start business and make profit out of it. Most significantly, the industrialization in the 1920s helped A merican economy to grow at an impressive rate. Rise of stock market and banking sector helped the industries in America to start business individually and maximize business profit. Looking into these favorable aspects, the government made it highly expensive to buy imported products and services. It forced the people to buy American goods. In addition to this, reduced tax allowed the people of America to gain more income on respective paychecks. It is clear from the above mentioned things that the economy was reaching to boom stage. The purchasing power of people automatically increased due to low tax rate and industrial growth of country. The problem of high unemployment started to abolish from American market as the industries required more employees to produce goods according to the growing market demand. Last but not the least; the technological advancement helped the industries to implement advanced technology in business process. The telecommunication, consumer durable and aut omobile sector achieve huge growth due to implementation of technology in business process. Ford Motors started to introduce technologically advanced cars due to favorable market demand.

Developmental stages of children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developmental stages of children - Essay Example To assist in the study of these types of development, various developmental tasks are commonly divided into four primary domains: physical, cognitive, social, and emotional. By defining and applying these domains to the pre-school developmental stage, it is possible to identify activities that may assist the child in successfully achieving the primary goals of this stage. Unsurprisingly, physical development refers to the actual growth of the child's body structure. This includes muscles, bones and organs as well as all motor and sensory development. Motor development is largely dependent on the child's muscle strength and coordination. Actions such as standing, sitting, and running involve the large muscles of the body. Other activities such as speech, vision and the use of hands and fingers require increasing mastery of the smaller muscles of the body. As most people are aware, sensory development refers to the increasing awareness of the five senses: sight, taste, touch, smell and hearing. â€Å"The coordination and integration of perceptual input from these systems are controlled by the central nervous system† (Roditti, 2002, p. 11). Thus, activities that promote physical development will concentrate on preparing the core muscles for greater use and encourage exploration of abilities and senses. A child's cognitive development is also important in understanding these opportunities. Cognitive development takes place through activities such as thought, memory, reasoning, problem-solving and abstract thinking. One of the most difficult cognitive activities is using language because, although speech is technically a motor activity, the use of symbolization and memory in producing meaningful speech is a highly specialized thought process. Comprehending and expressing language is a complex cognitive endeavor that is encouraged as well by the child's social development. Social development refers to the child’s interactions with other people and their involvement in social groups. The earliest social function of a child is the attachment to mother. This attachment then leads to the â€Å"development of relationships with adults and peers, assumption of social roles, adoption of group values and norms, adoption of a moral system, and eventually assuming a productive role in society† (Roditti, 2002, p. 12). All of these also contribute to and are shaped by the child's emotional development. Emotional development refers to the maturing of personal behaviors and characteristics. This can include developing an individual identity and self-esteem along with the ability to enter into mutually fulfilling emotional relationships. Pre-School Physical Development Sensory and motor domain development is perhaps most noticeable during the first year of life when the child is doing the majority of his or her physical growth. This growth begins to slow at about one year of age. There are many things parents worry about at this stage. Fo r example, they may notice that their child has a suddenly decreased appetite at this point or be concerned about the apparently misshapen body as the child begins to walk. However, there is often no cause to be concerned. As the physical growth starts to slow, the body no longer requires such high intake of building blocks. As children begin to walk, their posture appears bow-legged with the belly sticking out and a sharply inward curved back. While

What are you short and long term career goals Essay

What are you short and long term career goals - Essay Example Eurasia management found the plan promising. Not long after I was offered an expatriate contract; I took the challenge because I knew that it would be another step which shall lead me towards my career goals. Moreover, when I face a challenge I always remember Haruki Murakami’s words on the topic â€Å"Running day after day, piling up the races, bit by bit I raise the bar, and by clearing each level I elevate myself. At least that’s why I’ve put in the effort day after day: to raise my own level† from his autobiography â€Å"what I talk about when I talk about running.† Together with the new executive management team, I am now an important part of the change - the change that shapes my short term goals. My objective is to contribute to this movement with a new unit within my section; a â€Å"business control unit† that will assess strategic and commercial plans with scenarios and analysis, and involve the finance department towards vital decisions. Working at the operations at Ucell will also broaden my practice in Eurasia. I aim to improve my understanding on dynamics of region’s economy and its political and social environments. I trust that the international business experience and the real world cases that will be brought to me by Warwick will help me gain insights and eventually add value to my work. The path that I am following right now, without a doubt will prepare me towards the next step - the CFO role. But in the long run, I will only be satisfied by expanding the scope of my role through encounters. I would like to experience other business areas and markets and would appreciate owning a strategic role in these areas/markets. I am confident that Warwick’s global mindset together with the extensive WBS network will help guide me towards that

Working Mothers And Womens Equality At Work Social Work Essay

Working Mothers And Womens Equality At Work Social Work Essay Due to changing trends in the world, many women continue to enter the workforce day and night performing almost similar duties like men. Motivated by a number of factors ranging from social to economic environment surrounding the move has always sparked debates not only among men but also in women who argue against the idea. The debate revolves around working versus those women who stay at home and take care of their families especially children. These concerns explore existence of any effects of working mothers to their children in terms of academic performance in schools and their emotional development which significantly depends on what happens at childhood. Another concern is the possibility of high stress levels faced by working mothers on a daily basis compared to their counterparts at home. This research analysis utilized findings from experts and surveys aimed at unraveling the truth about working mothers. Introduction Who are working mothers? This is a label name which refers to women who have career jobs and responsibilities apart from taking care of their children and husband at home. The number of this type of women has continued to increase not only in the neither United States, nor Europe but all over the world. Even as immense criticism continues to surround the idea of working women, it is of paramount need to focus on some of the factors which contribute to this phenomenon. It is clear that the world is always at a constant change process in terms of social believes, practices and also economic transformation. Many women have opted to join the work a way of enhancing equality with men who believe that women are supposed to be stationed at home and carry out domestic duties (Randall, 2003). The question that ponders the mind of many is whether the notion of working mothers is the only focal point in addressing the issue of gender equality in the society. Is there a better approach? Definite ly there are considerable realistic and workable ways of establishing a society that recognizes men and women as equal beings. Although viewed negatively by some people, many women believe that by joining the work force, there would be significant ease and improvement in meeting the family needs. Sharing of family responsibilities between men and women is by far a very important idea. With increasing global economic hitches, there is every need for every family in the world to establish ways of making ends meet without extreme straining. As a result, working mothers believe that this is the only way of lessening family crisis which may arise from unsatisfied needs and unmet expenses which can be shared between a husband and wife. This sounds human and acceptable but it has lacked taste in a number of men in the world and other women who still advocate for stay home mothers in the 21st century. It is clear that the question of whether women need to be incorporated in the workforce like men still causes controversy. With growing working opportunities for both men and women, it is very normal for girls to go to school, join colleges and universities and secure jobs just like their male counterparts. This is quite commendable. However, the basis of this argument rests on the opportunity cost incurred when women join the workforce. It is believed that working women make inefficient mothers. Although this varies from one person to the other, sociologists argue that there is usually little or no time left for children brought up by working mothers. Additionally, working women experience a lot of stress compared to non working mothers who spent their entire time with their families (Harper Richards, 1986). This is attributed to overwhelming demands which may arise from work stations and homes. Balancing of time between the two masters, job and family remains a mega challenge amon g working women in the world. Statement of problem According to this research, very little has been done with regard to the effect of working mothers on their childrens emotional development and academic behavior. As a result, the research explores the general impact of working mothers on their children compared to non working women. Research questions What is the negative impact of a working mother on a childs academics and emotions? What is the positive impact of a working mother on the life of her child? What is the impact of non working mothers on their childrens life? Literature review Working mothers has received massive coverage from both individuals and groups of people aimed at unraveling the truth which surround this debate topic. However, many people reckon that the idea is quite open with a wide range of views which may vary from person to person. One of search people who have invested time in sociological research is Elizabeth Perle McKenna. In her 1998 research, McKenna analyses the relationship between work and family as experienced by working women around the globe. She exhaustibly dwells on the issue of work and identity and the dissatisfaction which arises when work does not give intended satisfaction. She argues that many women find themselves ignoring pivotal areas of their lives by devoting their time and concentration to work (McKenna, 1998). This devotion is usually aimed at attaining certain traditional symbols of success like money, challenging jobs and power. As viewed by McKenna, women entered the workforce massively under terms that were designed by men. They were eager and full of passion of leaving the old fashion of staying at home. They did this like immigrants abandoning their natural habitat and adapting to the workforce designed for and by men to suit their lifestyle and nature. Unfortunately, most if not all working systems have been designed to define men based on what they do and not who they are (McKenna, 1998). This system calls for long working hours in order to gain recognition and reward. This is still the case today even though almost sixty percent of women in the United States belong to the working class. In other words, the workforce does not recognize the nature of women with regard to the diverse responsibilities they have at home. It assumes the fact that women belong at home. McKenna writes this book from a personal experience and recalls moments in her life when she found it hard to balance work with growing famil y needs until she had to quit her job after having changed career severally. McKenna admits that women who are unable to quit working find it hard to balance between work and family responsibilities. She poses that although many women want attain success as traditionally defined, it is almost impossible excel career-wise and thrill as a good mother, caregiver and a good wife. She notes that the pursuit of such identity breeds nothing but depression, stress and finally burnout. Research findings This research found out that working mothers have a wide range of impact on their families with special emphasis on their children. Non working mothers have all the time to take care of their families and provide necessary care and love to their young ones. Children born of working mothers experience difficulties during their early stages of development. As young beings, children need enough time from their caregivers who are non other their mothers. In the absence of this care emotional impact is felt which may affect up to the academic capabilities of such children. Working mothers also experience emanating from challenges of time balancing (Peters 1968). On the other hand, working men feel independent and provide families needs including among others, childrens quality food. Both working and non working children may significantly influence the development process of children. Discussion The number of working mothers has continued to rise from about 30% in 1970s to approximately 50% in early 21st century. This has significantly affected the life of many children. (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1999). Children from families with working mothers have emotional depressions with measurable difficulties in their academic life. There is also continuing research on the effect of mothers working stress on children. Even as this research continues, the fact is that a child is always hyper sensitive to the emotional status of the mother before and even after birth. Do children born of working mothers receive sufficient attention and care? When mothers spend almost full of their day time at work, many children less effective especially at school. Since most working mothers maximize their working time when children are in their pre-school, these children show wanting and unappealing results (Cavel, 2001). These children feel some form of emptiness which ends up affecting their class concentration and general performance compared to children whose mothers are not working. It is also important to affirm that a childs early stages are very important in shaping his character and personality. Children who spend less time with their mothers as a result of work commitments are likely to experience hardships in language development which goes further to affect a childs academic progress. This is because learning in class mainly depends on communication propagated by language proficiency (Associated Press, 1999). Working mothers also experience a lot of stress which arise from the inability to balance between work and family needs. These two responsibilities appear to be like two jobs which are being handled by one person at the same time. As a result, these mothers are ever in a hurry to catch up with time and attend to unfinished duties at home and at work place. These mothers end up meeting the needs of the family with very few men willing to share the responsibility (Gershaw, 1988). In the event that a child falls sick, mothers find it difficult to fully attend to the child at the expense of her sleeping job. They also feel stressed over their own lives. Many working women are not willing to give birth. In other words, working continues to rob women off their mothering ability. Although working mothers have significant negative impact on their children, these mothers also have all the reasons to smile and the need for them to receive recognition. There are positive impacts generated by these mothers with the baseline of it being provision of basic needs, especially food. Many children brought up by working mothers live in considerably good standards compared to those of non working mothers. Working mothers usually have a wide domain of choices in terms of dietary. This ensures good childcare and healthy upbringing (Booth, 2000). A working mother is also a challenge to her children (Figes, 2001). As the immediate role model, mothers play a mega role in shaping the character of her children. Children admire good character and adorable achievements realized by those people who surround them. Therefore working mothers challenge their children to work hard and experience better achievements compared to what may she has. Conclusion In general, working mothers negatively impact their children. This is mainly witnessed in areas of emotional development and academic performance. This is mainly due to the inability to balance between family responsibilities and demands of the job. Stress is also common among working mothers a trend that is significantly low among non working mothers. It should be noted that working is highly encouraged among family members. However, mothers should devote most of their time to taking care of their children. They can take up less demanding jobs especially at tender ages of their children.

Junk :: essays research papers

In my last speech I talked about globalization and more specifically the affect of NAFTA on the Mexican corn farmers. As a result of the removal of tariffs on agricultural products, Mexico, a country once self sufficient in basic grains, today imports 95 percent of its soy, 58 percent of its rice, 49 percent of its wheat, and 40 percent of its meat. This has resulted in Mexican corn farmers being put out of business. More than 80 percent of Mexico's extreme poor live in rural areas, and more than 2 million are corn farmers. There is no way they can compete with subsidized American agribusiness. In my last speech I didn’t mention the affect of globalization on the U.S. In the U.S., a comparison between the 1930s and today tells a similar grim tale. Then, 25 percent of the population lived on the nation's 6 million farms; today, 2 million farms are home to 2 percent of the population. Small family farms have been overwhelmingly replaced by large commercial farms, with 8 percent of farms accounting for 72 percent of sales. Small family farms can’t compete with the large industrialized farms, where the only relevant objective is profit margin. While doing my research for this speech I was trying to find some type of policy that the U.S. carries for globalization, to my surprise there is no actual outlined policy. There are policies on various different topics that all fit into the globalization. I would like to concentrate on our trade policy in terms of agriculture. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture (AOA) requires that countries open their economies to agricultural products. Due to the low or at times non existent tariffs on importing and exporting we are cutting jobs domestically and abroad. With American markets already saturated, the U.S. is aggressively pushing to open up foreign markets -- with great success. Already, one out of three acres planted in the United States produces food or fiber destined for export, and one quarter of American farm sales are now exports. Though agriculture was the incentive to lure the Third World into the WTO and other trade agreements, it has turned into the most contentious issue as the Third World is devastated by the dumping of cheap and subsidized agricultural products from the United States and the European Union. While beefing up agribusiness with agricultural subsidies (the U.

Magazine Article on E-books

Cassettes-sidelined! DVDs –gathering dust! VHS-retired! Technology mutates and evolves leaving redundant platforms in its place. Much of the time technology is beneficial and change is good, however occasionally change is not so auspicious and we do not realise what we have lost until it’s truly gone. The book. The Bible, The odyssey and The Gruffalo (and that’s not even mentioning the poets).All books which have stood the test of time and are still being read as much today as the moment they were published; with these texts societies were bound and broken; lessons were learned and empires fell; all to the humble book. However the brazen veteran; the book; is endanger of being stripped of its crown by the young and brash E-book. In the words of Northrop Frye books are the only piece of technology which has not become socially defunct–Yet! They have stood firm whilst DVDs, tapes and vinyl like empires, rose and fell.However the frog like e-book with its dul l boring features and its fabulously annoying Wifi connectivity could be the bane of books. E-books are vastly growing in nature, like a weed; multiplying on every train, beach and plane you see them they are growing in number and his suggested by 2016 there will be nearly 10 billion of these dastardly devices roaming the world. Even the mere existence of E-books has created a whole new type of piracy where people are ripping off hard working authors and publishers by getting counterfeit e-books online for free.This illegal practice was consummated by the emotionless e-book. These characterless devices rob the tangible nature you get from books. The feel of the paper the smell of the ink all contribute to the sensation we get from reading. E-books rob this from us and sadly soon children will not understand this interaction as they will be more familiar with the blistering headache the monotonous e-book provides.

Phronesis Definition and Examples

Phronesis Definition and Examples In classical rhetoric, phronesis is prudence or practical wisdom. Adjective: phronetic. In the ethical treatise On Virtues and Vices (sometimes attributed to Aristotle), phronesis is characterized as the wisdom to take counsel, to judge the goods and evils and all the things in life that are desirable and to be avoided, to use all the available goods finely, to behave rightly in society, to observe due occasions, to employ both speech and action with sagacity, to have expert knowledge of all things that are useful (translated by H. Rackam). Etymology:From the Greek, think, understand Practical Wisdom [The] concept of persuasion points . . . to the human capacity for practical judgment. By judgment I mean the mental activity of responding to particular situations in a way that draws upon our sensations, beliefs, and emotions without being dictated by them in any way reducible to a simple rule. This kind of judgment may involve integrating new information into existing patterns of thought, readjusting those patterns to make room for a new perspective, or both. There are several sorts of judgmentlogical, aesthetic, political, and perhaps othersbut the concept I have in mind is linked most closely to what Aristotle called practical wisdom, or phronesis, and what Aquinas discussed as prudence, and it is also linked to our idea of common sense.(Bryan Garsten, Saving Persuasion: A Defense of Rhetoric and Judgment. Harvard Univ. Press, 2006) Phronesis in Speakers and Audiences To the extent that rhetoric is conceived as an art, capable of practical refinement, phronēsis, or practical wisdom, is often considered to be one of the by-products or relational goods enhanced and cultivated through rhetorical conduct. For Aristotle, practical wisdom was one of the rhetorical constituents of ethos. But perhaps most important, this overriding intellectual virtue was also cultivated in audiences through the practice of deliberation. In fact, the methods of invention and argument, along with the vast array of commonplaces and topoi, may all be conceived as devices for the enhancement of phronēsis in speakers and audiences.(Thomas B. Farrell, Phronēsis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) Phronesis and Invented Ethos Reasoning persuades because we think it is a sign of character. No one infers that because someone is a doctor and knows health, that the doctor is therefore healthy. But we make that ​inference all the time with respect to rhetoric and phronēsis. We assume that if someone can give good advice, he or she must be a good person. Such inferences are grounded in the belief that phronēsis and goodness are more than knowledge. Reasoning is persuasive to us because it is evidence, fallible and defeasible as all such evidence must be, of phronēsis and character.It is evidence for the character created in the speech [that is, invented ethos].(Eugene Carver, Aristotles Rhetoric: An Art of Character. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994) The Example of Pericles In the Rhetoric [of Aristotle], Pericles is an exemplary figure of rhetorical effectiveness both for his skillful choice of persuasive strategies and for the persuasive appeal of his own character. That is, Pericles exemplifies how closely successful rhetoric is tied to phronēsis: the best rhetors possess a practical wisdom that can discern the most effective means of persuasion in any specific situation, including an appeal to their own reputations as persons of practical wisdom. Aristotle builds the phronetic power of discernment into his influential definition of rhetoric as the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion . . ..(Steven Mailloux, Rhetorical Hermeneutics Still Again: or, On the Track of Phronēsis. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)

Study of the conflict at the Burial at Thebes The WritePass Journal

Study of the conflict at the Burial at Thebes Study of the conflict at the Burial at Thebes Introduction The conflicts between the major characters in The Burial at Thebes are concerned mainly with three important issues that continue to be relevant to different times and cultures. When we look at the meaning of conflict we can say it can be defined as ;   the struggle or clash between opposing forces,or opposition between two simultaneous but incompatible wishes or drives, sometimes leading to a state of   emotional tension Collins English Dictionary 2005.p355. When we look at the play itself, the major characters are Antigone, her sister Ismene and Creon the King of Thebes. The play revolves around the burial of Polyneices, brother of Antigone, who was killed in battle and the observance of specific funeral rites that were the custom of the that time. It was a decision, by Creon of how this burial was to be   carried out that caused the conflict   between these major characters,   although the issues underlying this conflict ran much deeper than that. Antigone,   would not accept the decree of King Creon, who said that Polyneices would not be allowed a normal funeral with full honours , as befitting a soldier dying on the battlefield, because he had declared   him a traitor and enemy of the state . His body would be publicly dishonoured by being   ;- dumped, disposed of like a carcass, left out for the birds to feed on, if you so much as throw him the common handful of clay youll have committed a crime,and whoever breaks this law,Ill have them stoned to   death.   Seamus Heaney 2004 ,The Burial at Thebes p.2,and 3. Although in ancient Greece at that time women were not   allowed to speak in the Council and had hardly any civil rights they did   have certain funereal roles regarding laying to rest and lamentations for   the deceased . Therefore, Antigone had some justification in her assertion that her remaining   brother should have proper funeral rites. However, Creon a newly appointed King   was not in a very secure position and had to assert his authority over his subjects by being a firm ruler. The crown being thrust upon him as he was next in line and having declared Polyneices a traitor would not change his mind. Thus the area of conflict ensued, and both being characters of very strong wills neither would back down. Therefore the issues that have arisen between these major characters can be summarised as the following:- Firstly, is the question of conscience for Antigone, concerning personal and family loyalty against   obedience to the King and Country, and which should take precedence. In this instance should Antigone go against the Kings wishes and bury her brother with due dignity, on penalty of death, or obey the decree of King Creon and allow him to be publicly dishonoured as a traitor?. In this instance she justifies her position as being in accordance   with the law of the gods to honour the dead which is above that of of the King and the law of the land. It   therefore raises a conflict of loyalties between   public morality over private duty, and which should prevail.   Secondly there is the issue of womens rights and gender issues when living   in a male dominated society , as highlighted by  Ã‚   Ismene   saying;-   two women on our own faced with a death-decree. Women ,defying   Creon?.Its not a womans place. Were weak they are strong. Seamus Heaney ,The Burial at Thebes 2004 p.5. Ismene in this instance is portraying the weaker compliant feminine position while Antigone could be seen as showing the stronger masculine side . This issue is also highlighted several times later in the play when Creon referring to Antigone says;-Have I to be the woman of the house and take her orders?. No woman will dictate the law to me and women were never meant for this assembly,from now on theyll be kept in their place again Seamus Heaney Burial at Thebes 2004 p22,24,27. The final area of conflict involves excessive pride or hubris and nemesis or retribution as a result. This   is an area of great interest for the Greeks and often featured in their literature. In the play Creon disregards the advice of the fortune teller and the pleas of his son, and with his stubborn character insists on carrying out his decision despite the consequences to have Antigone punished. The punishment is death for disobeying his orders and Creon refused to rescind this   until it was too late, thereby paying the ultimate penalty of losing his wife ,son and future daughter in law, as a result of his actions. These conflicts between the the major characters with Creon representing the state and inflexible government and Antigone embodying individual freedom, championing justice and individual rights and the urge to rebel. While Ismene representing the softer subservient side conforming to the rules especially as a woman in a male dominated society, have similarities with issues that continue to be relevant to different times and cultures. When Antigone was performed in France in 1942 it was surprisingly not banned by the occupying Germans, despite the fact that Antigone could be seen as representing France championing individual freedom when   Creon could be seen as portraying the occupying German forces and Ismene the Vichy government. The situation in Northern Ireland was also seen as an example of how the individual characters of Antigone and Ismene   could be used to illuminate the conflict;- that is in individuals as well as in society,representing two   opposing influences that often co-exist :the impulse to rebel and the impulse to conform for the sake of a quiet life OBrien C.C. (1968) The Listener ,reprinted in AA100 The Arts Past and Present Cultural Encounters Book 3 p221. Further comparisons can be made when after   9/11 regarding a new sense of the plays relevance Heaney said;-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was the general worldwide problem where considerations of state security posed serious threats to human rights. Then there was the   obvious parallel between George W. Bush and Creon AA100 The Arts Past and Present Cultural Encounters Book 3 p.222. This comparison was further enhanced when considering the invasion of Iraq and the â€Å"war on terror† when George W. Bush and the   White House   Administration asked if you are in favour of state security or not ? If you dont support the eradication of this tyrant in Iraq and the threat he poses you are on the wrong side in the war on terror Heaney (2004) Progamme note,for Abbey Theatre Production of the Burial at Thebes, 2004.   AA100 Cultural Encounters, Book 3, p227.   This can be likened to the situation with Creon when he addresses the Citizens of Thebes and says   in effect that if you support   me you are a patriot but if you support a woman who has disobeyed the   law this in itself is a traitorous act so you, therefore in turn become a traitor, which becomes an either/or choice. Whoever isnt for us      Is   against us in this case. Heaney (2004) The Burial at Thebes,p3. The final example of the relevance and conflict of its characters  Ã‚   when Nelson Mandela was in prison where   they put on the play Antigone and he played the part of Creon. Mandela saw the character as somewhat of heroic figure, as he would not give in, even under the most trying circumstances and   used the conflict between Antigone and Creon as an inspiration for his own struggle for freedom. When we look at the reasons why the original play was enacted in Ancient Greece, we can confirm that it was put on for primarily a male audience and no slaves or women were allowed. Females took no part in public life at that time and were seen as second class citizens as witnessed by the attitude of Creon. The audience were also members of the assembly or court and had to attend as part of their   civic duties and going to the play as a duty showed them how it was relevant to their life at that time by putting the audience in the shoes of the characters. The actors wore masks to i dentify their personalities by typifying an expression and the whole production was designed to educate in a moralistic way, and also teach about leadership and democracy. The subject of the play is a tragedy , where a major figure or hero   has apparently everything but then falls from grace mainly due to a flaw in his (or her)character , in a conflict of the mind and cannot escape from their beliefs. In Burial at Thebes the stories of Antigone, Creon and Ismene can be seen as tragic   raising issues with conflicts of loyalty, duty, individual   rights, divine law and justice. These conflicts also moulded by a style of leadership which can be seen as patriotic, but merciless and blindly inflexible and are all human issues that continue to be relevant as much today as well as in the passage of time since the original play was written in the 5th century BCE. Bibliography Collins English Dictionary seventh edition   2005,Harper Collins,Glasgow. Seamus Heaney (2004) The Burial at Thebes, Faber and Faber,London. Hardwick,L.(2008) Cultural Encounters in R.D.Brown(ed) Seamus Heaneys ,The Burial at Thebes, (AA100 Book 3) , Milton Keynes, TheOpen University,pp 183-235.

Regulation of the Internet and Democratic Values and Ideals Essay

Regulation of the Internet and Democratic Values and Ideals - Essay Example In the age of internet, it has already become easy for people to keep in touch with each other because online communication has become a potential information resource (McQuail and Siune, 1998, p.76). Information has become a central foundation in the technological revolution (MacKay and O’Sullivan, 1999, p.122). With this, communication has become so easy that even an individual who is in the other part of the world could still converse to the other side of it with relatives or friends via social networking sites such as Skype, Facebook, Twitter, Friendster and many more. It has become so easy to connect with other people nowadays especially in making friends and increasing the number of contacts. In fact, the recent development in communication via internet and fast speed broadband connectivity paves the way for connecting people. Internet therefore has become a social phenomenon affecting culture (Atton, 2004, p.2; Slevin, 2000, p.1). However, while connecting people remain s a significant advantage of the internet, the issue regarding safety remains an alarming priority as one of the potential arguments for the regulation of online activities. Various crimes are already committed within the internet including but not limited to physical or violent harm. Transactions could be faster if they have to be generated online. In this regard, there are bank, credit card and other related transactions already made via online deals or the internet. The purpose is for convenience and safety. However, safety could be such an understatement considering the fact that hackers are flooding over the internet plus there is a remarkable increase in the number of viral programs, malwares and strategies to secure passwords and other relevant confidential information. This is another remarkable reason and a significant argument for the regulation of the internet that at some point may also potentially concern with protecting the identity of an individual and disclosure of h ighly sensitive and valuable information. However, this only proves that censorship is essential in capitalist democracies (Petley, 2009, p.1). In the advent of terroristic attacks and their dangerous output on the public, the UK and US implemented anti-terroristic campaigns and even regulation over the use of the internet and control any activities in the virtual world. All the intentions in these related activities are in line with providing the safety which the public deserves to experience. However, behind this concern, there are other forms of issues that need also to be considered. This generally includes the consideration of democratic values and ideal

Unit 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 4 - Assignment Example It is not appropriate to use the personality tests as a main factor of job consideration, since many errors accompany the personality tests. Response distortion among the applicants is common as they align themselves with the best descriptive words that will win the hearts of the employer. The respondent can also be at a state of low mood at examination time hence the bias. It is worth noting that many people are dynamic and hence express different facets of personality. In addition to that, it is not appropriate to use these tests for the disabled people. Some occupations also do not require personality screening. The Americans with Disability Act outlines that people known to have psychiatric conditions should be exempted for the people with mental illnesses. The examinations should have a relation with the job opportunity at stake (Morgeson et al.). It is justifiable to use clinical personality tests for highly sensitive occupations such as cabin crews and police officers. The tests are likely to cause generally negative public relations feelings. The tools are excellent as they allow one to excavate deeply into a person’s perception about a specific job. However, the tests they should not receive excess overreliance from the employee as they only reflect a tip of iceberg regarding the personality. Taylor, Shannon G., and Donald H. Kluemper. â€Å"Linking Perceptions of Role Stress and Incivility to Workplace Aggression: The Moderating Role of Personality.† Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2012 :

Public Relation & Media Campaign - Final Exam Assignment

Public Relation & Media Campaign - Final Exam - Assignment Example en a greater demand of the firefighters in the society today, such as the medical emergencies, dangerous material accidents, wildfires and terrorist attacks. Therefore with the increase in the role of firefighters it is important that they act in making their life safer and dealing with their task as expected to save lives. The heritage program has designed the ‘Bucket Brigade’ to the firefighter’s employees so as to improve the efficiency of the fire departments in the community. The program further chooses particular communities around the nation to create a significant grant program for the department of fire and other organization in the community. The fireman’s Fund through the Heritage program avails various equipment to firefighters such as protective attires and fire shelters that can be used in case the fire is so wild. They also provide breathing apparatus that are self- contained in case of smoke- filled structures. They also offer a thermal imaging camera that the firefighters can use to see the smoke. The program is very relevant to the fire fighter’s employees because some of the equipment’s that the program provides are so expensive yet very essential even to the individual’s life. When the employee enters the heritage program, the effectiv eness of dealing with any emergency case will be enhanced since almost all the fighters will be having the required apparatus to deal with the emergency The communication plan will be important to the influencer’s because it will lay down the ultimate goal of Frito-Lay which is to maintain the customer’s loyalty and improve the reputation of the business. Moreover in giving the statement of purpose it will ensure that the customers of Frito- Lay understand that the products of the business are not junk- food as perceived. It will be important in changing the behavior of the customers. Another element of the communications strategy is the analysis of the current situation of Frito- Lay. Such

Current Legislation Essay Example for Free

Current Legislation Essay Introduction As a teacher I must ensure that current legislative requirements are met. Gravells (2008) states that there is legislation that applies to the entire lifelong learning sector. There are also areas of legislation that apply to particular courses. This paper explains the general areas relevant to me and the areas I must also consider in teaching Business Administration and Planning. Legislation Relevant to the Lifelong Learning Sector General Legislation Although ECM refers to learners to the age of 19, OFSTED applies it to the performance of FE colleges. The Protection of Children Act 1999 legislates that teachers must have current Enhanced Disclosure checks by the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB). The Copyright Design and Patents Act 1988 and The Data Protection Act 1998 also apply. Human Rights, Diversity and Equality The six areas of diversity in law are disability, gender, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation and religion / belief. Discrimination is forbidden in these areas by legislation including: †¢Sex Discrimination Act 1975 †¢Race Relations Act 1976 (amended 2000) †¢Human Rights Act 1998 †¢Equal Opportunities Act 2004 †¢DDA – Disability Discrimination Act 1995 †¢DDA Part 4 Code of Practice 1995 †¢SENDA – Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Health and Safety Petty (2009) confirms that the sector has a responsibility to provide a safe environment for learners. This is also where specific needs for specific courses arise. Generally, the Health Safety at Work Act 1974, RIDDOR – Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 and the Management of the Health Safety at Work Act always apply. For Business Administration and Planning The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 is an example of HSE legislation relevant to my own area. Conversely the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 and COSHH – Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 do not apply to my work. Codes of Practice I am also responsible for fulfilling responsibilities prescribed in Codes of Practice. For example, I must register with the Institute for Learning and comply with their Code of Professional Practice (2009). Colleges may also have Codes of Practice to which I must comply. References Gravells, A. (2008) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector 3rd ed. Exeter: Learning Matters. Francis and Gould (2009) ‘Achieving Your PTLLS Award – A Practical Guide’. London. Sage Publications Limited. Department for Children, Schools and Families (2004) ‘Every Child Matters: Change for Children’ [online] UK: Available from http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/ [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (2004). ‘Children Act 2004’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2004/pdf/ukpga_20040031_en.pdf [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1999). ‘Protection of Children Act 1999’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1999/pdf/ukpga_19990014_en.pdf [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1988) ‘The Copyright Design and Patents Act 1988’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1988/ukpga_19880048_en_1.htm [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1998) ‘The Data Protection Act 1998’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980029_en_1 [Accessed 4 February 2010] Petty, G (2009) Teaching Today 4th ed. Cheltenham. Nelson Thornes Office of Public Sector Information (1975) ‘Sex Discrimination Act 1975’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (2000) ‘Race Relations Act 1976 (amended 2000)’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1998) ‘Human Rights Act 1998’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (2004) ‘Equal Opportunities Act 2004’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1995) ‘DDA – Disability Discrimination Act 1995’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1995) ‘DDA Part 4 Code of Practice 1995’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (2001) ‘SENDA – Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1974) ‘Health Safety at Work Act 1974’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1995) ‘Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1999) ‘Management of the Health Safety at Work Act 1999’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Office of Public Sector Information (1992) ‘The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992’. Available from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/advanced-search/index [Accessed 4 February 2010] Institute for Learning (2009) ‘Code of Professional Practice’. Available from http://www.ifl.ac.uk/professional-standards/code-of-professional-practice [Accessed 4 February 2010]

Post Surgery Care for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Post Surgery Care for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Bianca Robinson CLINICAL SCENARIO: PERSON CENTRED CARE Introduction Patients who are undergoing operative procedures are required the delivery of ongoing care to optimize their recovery and prevent complications. This delivery of care will enable early identification of circumstances surrounding surgery that may put patients at risk of harm (Williams Hopper, 2011). Mr Timoti Whakaana is a 36 year old Polynesian male who has just returned to the ward after having a laparoscopic cholecystectomy; the surgical removal of the gall bladder in a process also known as keyhole surgery (Graham, 2008, p. 41). The aim of this report is to identify and prioritise the problems associated with in the first four hours of Mr Whakaana’s return back to the ward. This report presents the four highest problems, including nursing interventions and person centred care that may occur with Mr Whakaana on return to the ward from surgery. ABCDE ASSESSMENT Although different surgical procedures require specific and specialist nursing care, the principles of post-operative care remain the same. It is essential for a structured assessment of Mr Whakaana to be carried out such as that described by Thim, Krarup, Grove, Rohde Lofgren (2011) where Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Environment are examined. This is known as a primary assessment, and is used to identify any signs of airway obstruction, respiratory failure, circulatory failure or neurological dysfunction (Thim, Krarup, Grove, Rohde Lofgren, 2011, p. 117). The nurse must pay particular attention to Mr Whakaana’s airway due to his previous administration of morphine, as morphine is symptomatic of respiratory depression and should be monitored closely to prevent bradypnoea, a respiratory rate less than 12 breathes per minute (Tiziani, 2010, p. 645). Mr Whakaana’s conscious state should also be monitored especially as he is currently scored as 1 on the Glasgow Coma Scale, the nurse must pay particular attention to this to ensure that Mr Whakaana does not go into shock (Elliott, Aitken Chaboyer, 2007, p. 354). It is also helpful to include the patency of drainage systems and vascular devices into your primary assessment of Mr Whakaana, and note if any allergies are known (Elliott, Aitken Chaboyer, 2007, p. 354). Nursing Problem:Risk for aspiration related to reduced level of consciousness, depressed cough and gag reflex, impaired swallowing. Prior to surgical procedure, general anaesthesia is induced. This will relax the muscles of the body and depresses any sensation of pain, as a result the gag and swallowing reflex is temporarily suppressed and may lead to aspiration (Wright, 2011, p. 992). Person Centred Goal: After 1 hour of nursing interventions, Mr Whakaana will maintain safety and maintain homeostasis, and after 4 hours Mr Whakaana will demonstrate return of reflexes (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 20). Invention Rationale:The nurse will monitor and record vital signs for baseline data. The nurse will also assess Mr Whakaana’s condition to note any abnormalities, and noting the duration of anaesthetic medications will help assess the presence of the gag reflex (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 20). Maintaining a patent airway by suctioning may be necessary as airway obstruction will block ventilation (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 20). Evaluation: After 1 hour of nursing interventions, Mr Whakaana will maintain safety and maintain homeostasis, and after 4 hours Mr Whakaana will demonstrate return of reflexes (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 20). VITAL SIGNS / PAIN Vital signs should be assessed as often as possible (every half hour) during the few hours of Mr Whakaana’s return to the ward to determine any signs of deterioration (Crisp Taylor, 2008 p. 586). Vital sign measurements include blood pressure, respirations, pulse, temperature and oxygen saturation levels. Changes in Mr Whakaana’s blood pressure can be used to monitor changes in his cardiac output; pulse assessment can determine Mr Whakaana’s heart rate and rhythm, and can estimate the volume of blood being pumped by his heart (Crisp Taylor, 2008 p. 576). Core body temperature differences can occur in illnesses and an abnormal reading can be an indication of infection; Mr Whakaana’s temperature is 36.5C at present, which is within normal range (Crisp Taylor, 2008 p. 547). Pulse oximeters give a non-invasive estimate of the arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation, and measurement should always be above 95% (Crisp Taylor, 2008, p. 573). When measuring the oxygen saturation, the nurse should be aware that Mr Whakaana is currently on 3L per minute of oxygen via nasal prongs, as this could give a false sense of security when recording/documenting Mr Whakaana’s oxygen saturation level (Elliott, Aitken Chaboyer, 2007 p.590). Mr Whakaana’s pain and discomfort are also important factors in the postoperative period as good pain control is required for an optimal recovery (Scott, 2008, p. 59). Mr Whakaana has reported his pain as 3/10 on movement. Self-reporting of pain can be influenced by numerous factors including mood affect, sleep disturbances and any medications that may result in a patient not reporting pain accurately (Scott, 2008, p. 59). For example, Mr Whakaana may not report his pain because of the effects of sedation or lethargy and reduced motivation as a consequence of the surgery therefore, assessment of Mr Whakaana must be undertaken at appropriately frequent intervals (Scott, 2008, p. 59). The nurse should administer analgesicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ©therapy as ordered, evaluatingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ©thenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ©modifyingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ©thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ©therapy according toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ©Mr Whakaana’sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ©response (Macintyre, Scott, Schug, Visser, Walker, 2010, p. 34). Mr Whakaana’s pain assessment must lead to changes in management and re-evaluation to ensure improvements in his quality of care. Nursing Problem:Risk of ineffective breathing pattern related to pain. Mr Whakaana’s respirations may increase as a result of pain or as an initial compensatory mechanism. However, increased work of breathing may indicate increasing oxygen and energy consumption or a reduced respiratory reserve (Scott, 2008, p.60). Person Centred Goal:After 4 hours of nursing intervention Mr Whakaana will establish an effective breathing pattern. Invention Rationale:The nurse will administer oxygen via nasal prongs as ordered, as this will maximize the available oxygen, especially while ventilation is reduced because of pain (Scott, 2008, p. 60). The nurse will also administer pain medications as ordered, to treat Mr Whakaana’s underlying cause of the respiratory problem. The nurse will monitor vital signs especially Mr Whakaana’s respiratory rate for baseline data, and encourage and assist with deep breathing and coughing exercises as appropriate to promote maximal ventilation and oxygen (Graham, 2008, p. 47). Monitoring for restlessness and changes in mental status is also needed, as this may indicate hypoxia (Scott, 2008, p.60). Evaluation:After 1 hour of nursing interventions, Mr Whakaana shall have demonstrated an improved breathing pattern after 4 hours of nursing interventions, Mr Whakaana shall have established an effective breathing pattern (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 241) FLUID BALANCE Post-operative patients are vulnerable to fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to many influences including blood loss, fasting and exposure during surgery (Williams Hopper,2011, p. 71). Therefore an accurate measurement of Mr Whakaana’s fluid balance is essential to evaluate his condition, this includes strict readings of his output of urine and any vomit, and the measurement of fluid intake orally or intravenously (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 387). The nurse should assess Mr Whakaana’s surgical wounds at regular intervals for excessive blood loss, as this may indicate haemorrhage (Williams Hopper,2011, p. 72). Other factors that should be taken into account include diarrhoea or sweating. Nursing Problem:Altered fluid and electrolyte imbalance – risk of fluid volume deficit related to restricted oral fluid intake before, during, and after surgery. Fluid volume deficit, or hypovolemia, occurs from a loss of body fluid or the shift of fluids into the third space, or from a reduced/restricted fluid intake (Williams Hopper,2011, p. 73). Person Centred Goal: Mr Whakaana will not experience fluid volume deficit, hypokalaemia or metabolic alkalosis as evidenced by normal skin turgor, moist mucous membranes, stable weight, blood pressure and pulse within normal range, capillary refill time less than 3 seconds, return of peristalsis within expected time, and a balanced intake and output within 48 hours after surgery (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 387). Invention Rationale:The nurse will assess for and report signs and symptoms of deficient fluid volume, hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis such as decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, and weight loss of 2% or greater over a short period (Williams Hopper,2011, p. 73). The nurse must also monitor input/output measurements and administer fluid replacements as ordered to provide a baseline for fluid volume replacement as early recognition of signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit and electrolyte imbalance allow for prompt intervention (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 387). Evaluation:Mr Whakaana will not experience fluid volume deficit as evidenced by normal skin turgor, capillary refill time less than 3 seconds, moist mucous membranes, and a stable weight (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 387). INFECTION /SEPSIS The skin is a natural barrier against infection, so any surgery that causes a break in the skin can lead to a postoperative infection (Brown Edwards, 2011, p. 275). Microorganisms can infect a surgical wound through various forms of contact, such as from the touch of a contaminated caregiver or surgical instrument, through microorganisms in the air, or through microorganisms that are already on or in your body and then spread into the wound (Brown Edwards, 2011, p. 513) Chronic diseases and other patient characteristics influence susceptibility to infection, such as diabetes, smoking, or prolonged preoperative hospital stays can increase Mr Whakaana’s risk of infection. Nursing Problem:Risk for infection, related to impaired primary defence. Mr Whakaana is at risk of acquiring infection due to the break in the continuity of the first line defence which is the skin; if there is a breakage in the skin, the pathogens will easily invade the body’s system thus increasing risk for infection (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 107). Person Centred Goal:After 4 hours of nursing interventions, Mr Whakaana will achieve timely wound healing, free of infection, and be afebrile (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 108). Invention Rationale:The nurse will monitor vital signs and assess Mr Whakaana’s condition to gather baseline data. The nurse will also stress proper hand washing techniques, as this is a first line defence against infection or cross contamination (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 108). The nurse will have a strict compliance to hospital control, sterilisation, and aseptic policies to prevent occurrence of infection. Evaluation:After 4 hours of nursing interventions, Mr Whakaana shall have achieved timely wound healing, be free of infection, and be afebrile (Gulanick Myers,2014, p. 108). OTHER CONSIDERATIONS Mr Whakaana has a past medical history of type 2 diabetes, and therefore he is associated with an increased risk for surgical procedures and increased postoperative morbidity (Diabetes Australia, 2010). Major surgical operations require a period of fasting during which oral anti-diabetic medications cannot be used, and the stress of surgery itself results in metabolic concerns that alter glucose homeostasis (Diabetes Australia, 2010).Persistent hyperglycaemia is a risk factor for postoperative sepsis andimpaired wound healing, so the management goal during Mr Whakaana’s post-operative period is to optimize metabolic control through close monitoring, adequate fluid and caloric repletion, and cautious use of insulin (Diabetes Australia, 2010). Conclusion Although postoperative care is a daily occurrence in nursing care, it is clear that the theories behind nursing actions are often forgotten in daily practice and these actions may not be prioritised as they should be (Crisp Taylor,2008, p. 1449). It is hoped that this report has enabled the reader to revisit the principles behind postoperative care. Such care must be viewed as a priority, and although there are local policies in place to guide nursing staff, the responsibility for understanding the reasons for actions lies with each individual practitioner (Crisp Taylor,2008, p. 1449). REFERENCES Brown,D., Edwards,H. (2011).Lewiss medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems. Chatswood, N.S.W: Elsevier Australia. Crisp,J., Taylor,C. (2008).Potter Perrys fundamentals of nursing. Chatswood, N.S.W: Elsevier Australia. Diabetes Australia (2010).Hospital Stay / Surgery Procedures Diabetes Australia. Retrieved from http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/NDSS-Content/Diabetes-Information-Sheets/Hospital-and-Surgery/ Elliott,D., Aitken,L.M., Chaboyer,W. (2007). Australian College of Critical Care Nurses ACCCNs critical care nursing. Sydney: Mosby Elsevier. Graham, L. (2008). Care of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Nursing Standard,23(7), 41-8; quiz 50. 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Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis. Wright, K. D. (2011). Cholecystectomy. In L. J. Fundukian (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 991-992). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1919600390v=2.1u=latrobeit=rp=GVRLsw=wasid=e5af97b40081994971c49abc50c8cb56 Page 1 of 10